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Livorno is a province in the Tuscany region, situated in a lowland plain facing the Ligurian sea and very close to the city of Pisa. Initially it was a small village of fishermen, with no economic and political relevance. The name of the city may have either Etruscan or Latin origins, probably deriving from the Latin word Liburna, indicating a type of fast warship.
The city fell under the dominion of Pisa that, when Pisa harbour started to collapse, equipped Livorno of an efficient harbour. The city was also strengthened with defensive walls. As a consequence of these changes, Livorno became more and more important, and successively thanks to the Florentine Republic and, in particular, to the Medici family, Livorno became one of the most important Mediterranean harbour.
The city grew economically and new streets, squares and defensive structures were built. Successively, the city was declared a free port and, due to a law named "Costituzione Livornina", incentives and privileges were given to the merchants who moved to Livorno to work. Exiles subjected to religious and political persecution were welcomed too.

The city is famous for its prestigious Navy Accademy, founded in 1881, and also because in 1921 the Italian Communist Party was founded by Antonio Gramsci. The city was almost completely rebuilt after the destruction caused by the bombing during World War II, and only after numerous years it was restored to its old splendour.
Among its various important monuments we can mention: the Monument of the Four Turks (Monumento dei Quattro Mori), the tower of Marzocco, the big water cistern, Mascagni Terrace, the New Fortress, the Old Fortress, and among the numerous and splendid churches there are the Cathedral devoted to San Francesco, the church of Santa Maria del Soccorso, the Anglican Church of San Giorgo, the Sanctuary of Montenero, the Jewish Synagogue and the Church of the United Greek. There are also many interesting museums to visit in Livorno, including the Civic Museum, the Jewish Museum, the Acquario comunale "Diacinto Cestoni", a naturalist that lived in this city.
Translated by: Sara Perniola all rights reserved
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